South America Collection
South America is a continent that is actually southeast of North America. The entire southern continent lies east of Florida, and three-fourths of its western coast lies east of New York. Its easternmost point is nearer to Africa than is its northern coast to New Orleans. Its length is 4,500 miles, greatest breadth 3,200 miles, area 7,300,000 square miles and in the early 1900s had a population of about 40,000,000.
It is a triangle with its base on the north, and dwindling to a point at Cape Horn on the south. Its coast-line is for the most part unbroken, the important inlets being on the north the Gulf of Venezuela, on the northeast the mouth of the Amazon, on the east the Bay of All Saints, Bay of Rio de Janeiro, the mouth of the Plata, Bahia Blanca, Gulf of San Matias and Bay of San George; on the west line there is no important break in the coast-line, but several small bays which afford harbors.
The history of the continent falls into two eras, that before and that since Columbus discovered South America (1498). The Peruvian or Inca Indians had advanced far in culture and empire-building, but Pizarro (1531) conquered and destroyed their civilization. The history during the sixteenth century is a record of exploration and invasion. As early as 1550 the contour of the continent was determined, the country penetrated to the core and European power established. Spanish activity included far the greater part of the habitable area, Portuguese colonization confining itself to Brazil.
Portugal and Spain for three centuries failed to treat their possessions sagaciously or generously, exploiting the colonists as badly as the natives and the resources. Between 1605 and 1767 the Jesuits civilized the Indians of Paraguay. During 1776-1811 colonial loyalty to Spain was everywhere weakened. In 1810-25 came the heroic age. Bolivar, San Martin and Sucre freed Buenos Aires, Chile, New Granada (now Colombia), Quito (now Ecuador), Paraguay and Peru, while Brazil became independent peacefully.
United States president James Monroe, in 1823, enunciated the doctrine that Europe should in no way attempt to control the destiny of South America. During 1825-75 the Spanish Americans suffered greatly, the Brazilians slightly, from civil and foreign wars, but about 1877 an era of progress opened. Our Centennial and Columbian Expositions fostered aspirations for peace and prosperity.
Secretary Blaine, President Cleveland and Secretary Root strengthened political friendship between Latin America and the United States - the first (1881 and 1889) by Pan-American congresses, the second (1896) by forcing Britain to arbitrate the Guiana disagreement with Venezuela, the third (1907) by visiting the southern republics. They participated honorably in the Hague peace-conferences of 1890 and 1907. Argentina, Brazil and Chile have progressed materially.
References:
The New Student's Reference Work (1914)
Regional Sub-Divisions
Available Books
Book Title |
Date |
Picturesque Buenos Ayres & Monte Video
|
1820 |
Among the Indians of Guiana
|
1883 |
Souvenirs de Rio de Janeiro
|
1835 |
Views and Costumes of the City and Neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro
|
1822 |
Travels in Brazil
|
1816 |
Travels in the Gold and Diamond Districts of Brazil
|
1825 |
Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana
|
1841 |
Manuscript 512
|
1754 |
Journal of a Residence in Colombia Vol. 1
|
1825 |
Journal of a Residence in Colombia Vol. 2
|
1825 |
The Indian Races of North and South America
|
1853 |
Cuzco: a Journey to the Ancient Capital of Peru
|
1856 |
The Present State of Peru
|
1805 |
The Temple of the Andes
|
1884 |
Travels in South America Vol. 1
|
1825 |
Travels in South America Vol. 2
|
1825 |
The Indian Tribes of Guiana
|
1868 |
Vom Tropischen Tieflande zum Ewigen Schnee
|
1892 |
Voyage a Surinam
|
1839 |
History of the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres
|
1807 |
Journal of an Expedition 1400 miles up the Orinoco
|
1822 |
Le Costume Ancien et Moderne [Amerique] Vol. 2
|
1821 |
A Two Years Cruise off Tierra del Fuego Vol. 1
|
1857 |
A Two Years Cruise off Tierra del Fuego Vol. 2
|
1857 |
Letters from Buenos Ayres and Chili
|
1819 |
Narrative, of a Five Years Expedition Vol. 1
|
1796 |
Narrative, of a Five Years Expedition Vol. 2
|
1796 |
A Voyage in the West Indies
|
1820 |
Recuerdos de Lima
|
1857 |
The Necropolis of Ancon Vol. 3
|
1880 |
The Necropolis of Ancon Vol. 2
|
1880 |
The Necropolis of Ancon Vol. 1
|
1880 |
Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Bresil Vol. 1
|
1834 |
Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Bresil Vol. 2
|
1835 |
Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Bresil Vol. 3
|
1839 |
Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
|
1648 |
A Diary of the Wreck of His Majesty's Ship Challenger
|
1836 |
Narratives of South America
|
1836 |
Views of Nature
|
1850 |
A Literary & Historical Atlas of America
|
1911 |
Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil Vol. 1
|
1869 |
Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil Vol. 2
|
1869 |
Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon Vol. 2
|
1853 |
Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon Vol. 2
|
1853 |
Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon [Atlas] Vol. 1
|
1853 |
Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon [Atlas] Vol. 2
|
1854 |
Peru; Incidents of Travel and Exploration
|
1877 |
Map of the British Empire in America
|
1746 |
Atlas de Historia fisica y Politica de Chile Vol. 1
|
1854 |
Atlas de Historia fisica y Politica de Chile Vol. 2
|
1854 |
Atlas do Imperio do Brazil
|
1868 |
Geographia Atlas do Brazil e das Cinco Partes do Mundo
|
1912 |
The Beautiful Rio de Janiero
|
1914 |
A Catalogue of Books Relating to the History of America Vol. 1
|
1907 |
A Catalogue of Books Relating to the History of America Vol. 2
|
1907 |
A Catalogue of Books Relating to the History of America Vol. 3
|
1907 |
A Catalogue of Books Relating to the History of America Vol. 4
|
1907 |
La Plata, the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay
|
1859 |
Canoe and Camp Life in British Guiana
|
1876 |
Deck and Port, or, Incidents of a Cruise in the United States Frigate Congress to California
|
1850 |
The American Atlas
|
1776 |
Los Cesares de la Patagonia : (Leyenda aurea del Nuevo mundo)
|
1913 |
Parte Primera dela Chronica del Peru
|
1553 |
The Seventeen Years Travels of Peter de Cieza
|
1709 |
The Travels of Pedro de Cieza de Leon
|
1864 |
Segunda Parte de La Cronica del Peru
|
1880 |
Ttahuantin-Suyu or the Empire of the Yncas
|
1880 |
The Second Part of the Chronicle of Peru
|
1883 |
The War of Quito
|
1913 |
The War of Chupas
|
1918 |
The War of Las Salinas
|
1923 |
La Cronica del Peru
|
1922 |
Travels in Various Parts of Peru Vol. 1
|
1830 |
Travels in Various Parts of Peru Vol. 2
|
1830 |
The Conquest of the River Plate
|
1891 |
Narrative of a Visit to Brazil, Chile, Peru, and the Sandwich Islands
|
1825 |
Costumes du Bresil
|
1820 |
Voyage Pittoresque dans le Bresil
|
1835 |
Tihuanacu: The Cradle of American Man Vols. 1 & 2
|
1945 |
Tihuanacu: The Cradle of American Man Vols. 3 & 4
|
1957 |
El Signo Escalonado en las Ideografias Americanas
|
1913 |
Ancient Civilizations of the Andes
|
1931 |
Biblioteca Andina
|
1928 |
Across South America
|
1911 |
An Explorer in the Air Service
|
1920 |
In the Wonderland of Peru
|
1913 |
Inca land : Explorations in the Highlands of Peru
|
1922 |
The Ruins of Choqquequirau
|
1911 |
Vitcos, the Last Inca Capital
|
1912 |
The Journal of an Expedition Across Venezuela and Colombia
|
1909 |
Travels in South and North America
|
1853 |
Reports on the Physical, Descriptive, and Economic Geology of British Guiana
|
1875 |
Fifteen Thousand Miles on the Amazon and its Tributaries
|
1878 |
Travels of His Royal Highness Prince Adalbert of Prussia Vol. 1
|
1849 |
Travels of His Royal Highness Prince Adalbert of Prussia Vol. 2
|
1849 |
A True and Particular Relation of the Dreadful Earthquake Which Happen'd at Lima
|
1748 |
Voyage to South America Vol. 1
|
1820 |
Voyage to South America Vol. 2
|
1820 |
Perou et Bolivie
|
1880 |
Peeps at Many Lands: South America
|
1915 |
Across Unknown South America Vol. 1
|
1913 |
Across Unknown South America Vol. 2
|
1913 |
South America, Painted and Described
|
1912 |
Argentina, Past and Present
|
1914 |
Costumes Civiles Vol. 4 - Amerique
|
1788 |
Esplorazione delle Regioni Equatoriali
|
1854 |
Viaje a la Patagonia
|
1879 |
Recuerdos de la Monarquia Peruana
|
1850 |
Drake and His Yeomen
|
1899 |
Vues des Cordilleres et Monumens de l'Amerique
|
1813 |
Moeurs, Usages et Costumes de Tous les Peuples du Monde Vol. 2
|
1844 |
Voyage Round the World, in His Majesty's Ship the Dolphin
|
1767 |
Travels in Brazil Vol. 1
|
1824 |
Travels in Brazil Vol. 2
|
1824 |
Gezigten uit Neerland's West-Indien
|
1860 |
Casparis Barlaei, Rerum per Octennium in Brasilia
|
1647 |
Brazil and the Brazilians
|
1857 |
Views in South America
|
1852 |
Brazil and La Plata; The Personal Record of a Cruise
|
1856 |
An Account of the Abipones Vol. 1
|
1822 |
An Account of the Abipones Vol. 2
|
1822 |
An Account of the Abipones Vol. 3
|
1822 |
Reize naar de Oost- en Westkust van Zuid-Amerika Vol. 1
|
1835 |
Reize naar de Oost- en Westkust van Zuid-Amerika Vol. 2
|
1835 |
Reize naar de Oost- en Westkust van Zuid-Amerika Vol. 3
|
1835 |
A History of the Brazil
|
1821 |
History of Brazil Vol. 1
|
1810 |
History of Brazil Vol. 2
|
1817 |
History of Brazil Vol. 3
|
1819 |
Buenos Ayres, and the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata
|
1838 |
America: Being an Accurate Description of the Nevv VVorld
|
1670 |
The Expedition of Pedro de Ursua & Lope de Aguirre
|
1861 |
Paraguay by Henry Koebel
|
1917 |
The Birds of Tierra del Fuego
|
1907 |
In den Hoch-Anden von Ecuador
|
1907 |
Uruguay by W. H. Koebel
|
1911 |
Travel in Aquatint and Lithography Vol. 2
|
1957 |
Recuerdos del Rio de la Plata
|
1841 |
In den Hoch-Anden von Ecuador : Bilderatlas
|
1907 |
Panoramic Views of Rio de Janeiro
|
1848 |
Iournael ofte Beschryvinghe van de Wonderlijcke Reyse
|
1644 |
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum
|
1570 |
Voyage au Bresil Vol. 1
|
1821 |
Voyage au Bresil Vol. 2
|
1821 |
Voyage au Bresil Vol. 3
|
1822 |
Voyage au Bresil Atlas
|
1822 |
Travels in Brazil
|
1820 |
Abbildungen zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens
|
1822 |
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien Vol. 1
|
1825 |
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien Vol. 2
|
1826 |
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien Vol. 3
|
1830 |
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien Vol. 4
|
1832 |
Reise nach Brasilien Vol. 1
|
1820 |
Reise nach Brasilien Vol. 2
|
1820 |
Reize naar Brazilie Vol. 1
|
1822 |
Reize naar Brazilie Vol. 2
|
1822 |
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